One Nation, One People, One Language

Note sul testo
The Republic of Indonesia is a chain of islands between Asia and Australia comprising Java, Bali, Sumatra, Sulawesi, three-quarters of Borneo and half of New Guinea. Until the 20th century, the archipelago was more like a continent than a country, home to hundreds of ethnic groups with neither a common racial identity, a common culture nor a common tongue to unite them. In this divided state, its inhabitants succumbed to a succession of foreign powers, from the Portuguese and the Spanish to the Dutch, the British and the Japanese. This book tells the story of how a particular dialect of Malay was adopted as the nationalist movement’s language of unity and the role it played in facilitating a struggle for self-determination which, by 1950, had culminated in full independence. It explains how history has moulded Bahasa Indonesia (the Indonesian language), how Bahasa Indonesia shaped history, and the extent to which the ideal of "One Nation, One People, One Language", espoused at the Indonesian Youth Congress of 1928, has been realized.

Note sull'autore
Martin Harper taught In Indonesia for several years before joining the University of Macerata in 1992. He currently works for the University's Language Centre and teaches at the Department of Economics and Law.

Indice
Acknowledgements
About the Author
A Note on Etymology

Introduction: Indonesia and the Indonesians

Chapter 1. Prehistory
1.1 The Austronesian People
1.2 The Austronesian Linguistic Influence from North to South
1.3 The Austronesian Linguistic Influence from West to East
1.4 The Austronesian Linguistic Influence from East to West
1.5 Proto Austronesian and its Present-Day Descendants
1.6 Proto-Malays and Deutero-Malays
1.7 The Dongson Culture
1.8 Indonesia in the Year 0

Chapter 2. The Indian Influence and the Sanskrit Legacy
2.1 Early Contacts with the People of India
2.2 Indian Religious Influences
2.3 The Top-Down Pattern of Indian Influence
2.4 Other Sanskrit Elements in Modern Indonesian
2.5 The Influence of Sanskrit Texts
2.6 The Indianized States of South-East Asia
2.7 The Sanskrit Legacy

Chapter 3. Arabic, Persian and Islam
3.1 Early Contacts with the Arabs and Persians
3.2 The Language of Astronomy and Astrology
3.3 The Spread of Islam
3.4 The Sultanate of Malacca
3.5 The Sultanate of Aceh
3.6 Religious Terminology
3.7 The Law
3.8 Sex and Reproduction
3.9 Java in the Pre-Colonial Period
3.10 Sumatra in the Colonial Period
3.11 The Early Days of Nationalism
3.12 Islam in Education
3.13 Islam in National Politics
3.14 Islam in Government
3.15 Islamic Militancy
3.16 Islam under the New Order
3.17 Islam in the 1990’s
3.18 The Fall of the New Order
3.19 President B.J. Habibie
3.20 President Abdurrahman Wahid
3.21 President Megawati Sukarnoputri
3.22 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
3.23 Islam in 21st Century Indonesia

Chapter 4. The Portuguese Contribution
4.1 Souls and Spices
4.2 The Religious and Cultural Legacy of the Iberians
4.3 Creoles
4.4 Portuguese Vocabulary Items in Bahasa Indonesia

Chapter 5. The Dutch
5.1 The Establishment of the Dutch East India Company
5.2 Jan Pieterszoon Coen
5.3 Mataram and Banten
5.4 The End of the VOC and the Beginning of Full Colonial Rule
5.5 Western Technological Innovations
5.6 Printing and the Print Media
5.7 Western Medicine
5.8 Commerce
5.9 European Units of Measurement
5.10 The European Calendar
5.11 Concrete and Animate Nouns of Dutch Derivation
5.12 Abstract Nouns
5.13 Adjectives
5.14 Education
5.15 The Law
5.16 European Political Ideas
5.17 The Campaign for Representative Government
5.18 The End of Colonial Rule

Chapter 6. The Ethnic Chinese Community
6.1 Early Contacts with Mainland China
6.2 The Establishment of Ethnic Chinese Communities
6.3 The Period of European Domination
6.4 Opium
6.5 The Years 1900-1950
6.6 The Sukarno Era
6.7 The New Order Period
6.8 Chinese Terms in Bahasa Indonesia

Chapter 7. Towards a National Language
7.1 The Lingua Franca of the Malay Archipelago
7.2 Managing Malay
7.3 Dutch Colonial Language Policy
7.4 The Search for a Language of Unity
7.5 The Problem with Javanese as a National Language
7.6 Sundanese
7.7 Balinese
7.8 Bahasa Indonesia, the Language of Unity
7.9 World War II
7.10 The Revolutionary Period
7.11 The Sukarno Era

Chapter 8. Language-Planning in Indonesia
8.1 Early Language-Planning Initiatives
8.2 The European Influence
8.3 Orthography
8.4 Vocabulary
8.5 Grammar
8.6 The Establishment of Indonesian Language-Development Bodies
8.7 The 1st Indonesian Language Congress: Solo, June 25th-28th, 1938
8.8 The Period 1938-1954
8.9 The 2nd Indonesian Language Congress: Medan, October 28th- November 2nd, 1954
8.10 The Period 1954-1978
8.11 The 3rd Indonesian Language Congress: Jakarta, October 28th- November 3rd, 1978
8.12 The 4th Indonesian Language Congress: Jakarta, November 21st-26th, 1983
8.13 The 5th Indonesian Language Congress: Jakarta, October 28th- November 3rd, 1988
8.14 The 6th Indonesian Language Congress: Jakarta, October 28th- November 2nd, 1993
8.15 Language Development Initiatives from 1993 until the Fall of the New Order
8.16 Some Limitations Affecting the Work of the PPPB
8.17 The Mid-1990’s: a Military Approach to Language-Planning

Chapter 9. English Versus National Discipline
9.1 The Problem with English
9.2 The National Discipline Campaign
9.3 National Broadcasting in the 1980’s and 1990’s
9.4 Government Language Policy with Regard to Broadcasting
9.5 The Press
9.6 The Fall of the New Order

Chapter 10. One Nation, One People, One Language?
10.1 Language, Identity and Culture
10.2 English
10.3 Borrowings and Calques
10.4 Code Switching and Bahasa Gado-Gado
10.5 The Translation Effect
10.6 The Problem with English
10.7 The Advantages of English
10.8 Javanese
10.9 Lexis Describing the Human Body Borrowed from the Javanese
10.10 Emotional and Social Life
10.11 Titles and Call-Words
10.12 Reduplication Phrases
10.13 Register and Usage
10.14 The Javanese Influence from Top to Bottom
10.15 Dialects and Sociolects from Jakarta
10.16 A Language Law for the 21st Century
10.17 The Present and the Future
10.18 Bahasa Sehari-Hari
10.19 Centralized Language-Planning in the 21st Century

References

Note
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